Avalanche Education with The Mountain Guides

AIARE One Check For Understanding

Please take a moment to complete this quiz. If you get stuck, you can find the answers here: https://sites.google.com/avtraining.org/2020-21-aiare1online/introduction.

Personal Information

How will you be traveling?*

Introduction

1. What is the goal of the Decision Making in Avalanche Terrain Program? (select all that apply)*
2. What is the difference between the AIARE 1 and AIARE 2?*
3. I will learn everything I need to know to travel safely by the end of the course.*

The AIARE Framework

4. The AIARE Framework is a step-by-step backcountry risk management process that consists of daily and seasonal routines and key agreements meant to foster consensus among a backcountry team*
5. Which of the following AIARE Framework Components comprises a seasonal routine as opposed to a daily routine?*
6. Which of the following AIARE Framework Components comprises a daily routine as opposed to a seasonal routine?*
7. Which of the following AIARE Framework Components comprises a key agreement as opposed to a routine?*

Teamwork

8. The four guidelines of Teamwork make up a social contract that encompasses which parts of the day?*
9. Teamwork is a process that fosters consensus among a backcountry team*
10. The four guidelines of Teamwork are: (select all that apply)*
11. The three rules of the backcountry are: (select all that apply)*
12. The process of Teamwork is a tool of consensus*
13. The process of Teamwork is a tool to convince others of your concerns*
10. What creates a culture that supports a veto?*
12.A tool of consensus is to try to convince someone who is voicing concerns that it is going to be okay.*

Plan

13. When should you make a plan? (select all that apply)*
14. Which of the following is not one of the four planning components?*
15. Why do we plan each and every day before we head into the backcountry?*
16. If planning had a golden rule, what would it be?*

Assemble Your Group

17. Excellent mountain companions are... (select all that apply)*
18. What is an ideal group size for backcountry travel?*
19. How can you learn about a partner's risk tolerance? (select all that apply)*
20. Partners that won't respect your veto or give you space to voice your opinion are just pushing you to be a better version of yourself*

The Human Factor

21. The most common reasons for avalanche accidents in the backcountry is*
22. Which of the following statements is likely a human factor at work? (select all that apply)*
23. What's an effective strategy to combat human factors?*

Anticipate the Hazard

24. Where can you find avalanche hazard and weather information? (select all that apply)*
25. Anticipating the hazard is all about copying information from weather websites and avalanche forecast into your fieldbook*
26. What do you do if there isn't an avalanche center forecast for an area you want to go?*
27. Anticipating the hazards before we enter the field is beneficial because*
28. Which of the following is not part of a good routine for anticipating the hazard?*

Weather

29. Weather has very little impact on avalanche hazard and travel plans*
30. Which of the following is a way that low clouds and heavy snowfall can affect backcountry travel? (select all that apply)*
31. Which of the following is not a way that clear, calm, sunny skies can affect backcountry travel*

Avalanche Danger

32. Where can you find the avalanche danger rating?*
33. Low avalanche hazards means no avalanche hazard*
34. The avalanche danger rating is a function of the size of potential avalanches and the possibility of encountering one*
35. Rather than covering broad areas in general terms, danger ratings offer a localized assessment of the avalanche hazard at the slope-scale.*
36. When the danger rating is Considerable, you should exercise heightened caution*
37. Under which avalanche danger rating are human-triggered avalanches likely and natural avalanches possible?*
38. Under which avalanche danger rating are small avalanches possible in isolated areas or extreme terrain features?*
39. At what avalanche danger rating do most accidents in the US occur?*

Plan where to go

40. What is the purpose of setting limits? Select all that apply.*
41. Which of the following is not required in a detailed terrain plan?*
42. When is it appropriate to choose simpler terrain? Select all that apply.*

Discuss your emergency plan

43. I should only make an emergency plan if...*
44. Where can I find a reference to help me build a solid emergency plan?*
45. Discussing potentially dangerous scenarios with the team in order to provide insight into an accident that hasn't happened yet is an example of what?*
46. Which of the following is an example of self-rescue gear as opposed to personal gear?*
47. We only need one shovel and probe per group*

Plan - summary and review

48. Most of the time, avalanche accidents aren't just something that happens to us, but they happen because of us*
49. How does a pre-trip plan help mitigate human factors? Select all that apply.*
50. What are the four main components of Plan your Trip*
51. Which quality does not make a good backcountry partner?*
52. What is not part of an effective routine for accumulating weather and avalanche data?*
53. Which factors do we consider along with the avalanche danger level? Select all that apply.*
54. Which of the following avalanche problems are associated with new snow or wind?*
55. If you are missing information or it doesn't exist while making your plan, what should you do?*
56. An emergency plan does not include:*

Ride

57. Which statement best describes the Ride Safely Checklist?*
58. Why is it important to incorporate the Ride Safely Checklist into your trip? Select all that apply.*
59. Which of these is not a step in the Ride Safely Checklist?*

Departure Check

60. Which of these items should be carried by each individual group member as opposed to shared among the group?*
61. Which of the following is not an objective of the transceiver function check?*
62. The goal of the departure check is to... (select all that apply)*

Monitor conditions

63. Recent avalanche activity offers direct evidence of unstable snow*
64. Which of the following weather conditions promote unstable snow? Select all that apply*
65. The presence of a slab over a weak layer can be reliably assessed with a single snowpack test*
66. Cracking or whumpfing is an indication that the snowpack is unstable*

Check in with the group

67. Which of the following information is off limits for sharing with the group?*
68. A check in should be initiated by:*
69. Group members are better at making informed decisions when they are fatigued or stressed*

Choose terrain

70. Entering steep slopes above another group of people is okay as long as you smile and wave*
71. What protocols should the group establish before spacing out across a slope? Select all that apply*
72. When in doubt reduce risk by choosing simpler terrain*

Ride - summary and review

73. How many times should you check in during the day?*
74. Everyone is really quiet, and the weather conditions are windier and colder than anticipated. Your trip plan included a route to and from the summit or staying in the trees. What is your process for making a decision?*
75. Which of the following is not a key step in a transceiver check?*
76. Avalanche activity is a key indicator of unstable conditions*
77. Which of the following questions will not help provide insight into the slope's potential to avalanche?*
78. Avalanche professionals utilize a concept known as a "margin of safety" in the decision-making process. A margin of safety builds in a buffer that provides an extra level of security in a dynamic, uncertain environment. What can groups do to add a margin of safety in response to uncertainty?*
79. If a backcountry partner falls or gets stuck without injury, it is best to let them dig themselves out*

Debrief

80. Debriefing is a structured way to cultivate expertise rather than haphazardly gaining experience*
81. Which of the following are not elements of the debrief process?*
82. What is helpful to submit to avalanche centers? Select all that apply*

Prepare

83. Preparing for the season includes... (Select all that apply)*
84. Preparing for a season is both mental and physical*
85. I only need to practice avalanche rescue once a season*
86. A good start to a trip options catalog is to mark up photos I take with my phone*
87. Why should you track the season's conditions?*

The dynamic mountain snowpack

88. What are the main weather factors that influence the snowpack? Select all that apply*
89. A slab overriding faceted snow is strong over weak snow*
90. What is the difference between layers and interfaces? Select all that apply*

How the snowpack changes over time

91. Which of the following are ways to track winter backcountry conditions? Select all that apply*
92. Why do we track conditions? Select all that apply*
93. Faceting and rounding are both metamorphic processes that change snow grains*
94. Which of the following statements is false?*
95. What conditions create surface hoar?*
96. Corn snow usually forms in the springtime due to melt-freeze conditions*
97. Tracking the season's conditions can be done only for the days we travel in the field*
98. The most important data is numerical and thus we need to be accurate to the tenth decimal*
99. Tracking the seasons conditions is important because... (Select all that apply)*

Investigate trip options

100. What info should be included in a trip options catalog? Select all that apply*
101. What factors should you consider while creating trip options? Select all that apply*

Terrain influence on snowpack

102. The shape, size, aspect, elevation and position within mountain ranges are all key variables with regard to terrain's influence on the snowpack*
103. What are key factors with regard to the location of a slope you would like to ride? Select all that apply*
104. Higher elevations typically receive more snow*
105. Aspect to wind is important because... (Select all that apply)*
106. Aspect to sun is important because... (Select all that apply)*
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